Using the API

While we recommend using the Console or CLI to manage your applications and devices in The Things Stack, we also expose HTTP and gRPC APIs which you can interact directly with. This section contains information about using the HTTP API, and examples.

A complete list of API endpoints is available in the API Reference. There, you can also find detailed information about Authentication and Field Masks.

If you’re having trouble with the HTTP API, you can always inspect requests in the Console using your browser’s inspector. All of the data displayed in the Console is pulled using HTTP API requests, and this should give you some insight in to how they are formed.

Best Practices

Send a User-Agent Header

Set the User-Agent HTTP header containing your integration name and version. That way, a network operator can help finding out potential issues using the logs.

Respect X-Ratelimit-* Response Headers

The Things Stack sends responses containing information about how many requests your integration has made and how many are remaining, in accordance with the IETF draft spec here.

Mind the X-Warning Headers

The Things Stack sends responses containing this header to warn about issues that may become errors in the future.

HTTP Query Examples

Get Device Info

Fields may be specified in HTTP requests by appending them as query string parameters. For example, to request the name, description, and locations of devices in an EndDeviceRegistry.Get request, add these fields to the field_mask field. To get this data for device dev1 in application app1:

$ curl --location \
  --header "Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX" \
  --header 'Accept: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/applications/app1/devices/dev1?field_mask=name,description,locations'

The same request in tenant tenant1 on a multi-tenant deployment:

$ curl --location \
  --header "Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX" \
  --header 'Accept: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  'https://tenant1.thethings.example.com/api/v3/applications/app1/devices/dev1?field_mask=name,description,locations'

Fields may also be specified as a JSON object in a POST request.

Get Event Stream

To get a stream of events for device dev1 in application app1 :

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' \
  --header 'Accept: text/event-stream' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request POST \
  --data-raw '{
    "identifiers":[{
        "device_ids":{
            "device_id":"dev1",
            "application_ids":{"application_id":"app1"}
        }
    }]
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/events'
Note:
See here for a description of the text/event-stream MIME type.

To schedule a downlink, you may use the DownlinkQueuePush or DownlinkQueueReplace endpoints of the Application Server API. For example, to schedule a downlink queue push to device dev1 in application app1:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request POST \
  --data '{
    "downlinks": [{
      "frm_payload": "vu8=",
      "f_port": 42,
    }]
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/as/applications/app1/devices/dev1/down/push'

To schedule a human readable downlink to the same device using a downlink Payload Formatter:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request POST \
  --data '{"downlinks":[{
      "decoded_payload": {
        "bytes": [1, 2, 3]
      }
    }]
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/as/applications/app1/devices/dev1/down/push'
Note:
Downlinks scheduled using the decoded_payload Payload Formatter field are encrypted in the Application Server, and the content will not be comprehensible in the Network Server’s frm_payload field when viewing events.
Note:
It’s also possible to schedule downlinks using HTTP Webhooks, which give you flexibility to choose JSON or gRPC HTTP payloads.

Multi-step Actions

If you want to create a device, perform multi-step actions, or write shell scripts, it’s best to use the CLI.

If you want to do something like registering a device directly via the API, you need to make calls to the Identity Server, Join Server, Network Server and Application Server. See the API Reference for detailed information about which messages go to which endpoints.

To register a device newdev1 in application app1, first, register the DevEUI, JoinEUI and cluster addresses in the Identity Server. This is also where you register a friendly name, description, attributes, location, and more - see all fields in the API Reference:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Accept: application/json' \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request POST \
  --data-raw '{
    "end_device": {
      "ids": {
        "device_id": "newdev1",
        "dev_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
        "join_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
      },
      "join_server_address": "thethings.example.com",
      "network_server_address": "thethings.example.com",
      "application_server_address": "thethings.example.com"
    },
    "field_mask": {
      "paths": [
        "join_server_address",
        "network_server_address",
        "application_server_address",
        "ids.dev_eui",
        "ids.join_eui"
      ]
    }
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/applications/app1/devices'

Register LoRaWAN settings in the Network Server:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Accept: application/json' \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request PUT \
  --data-raw '{
    "end_device": {
      "supports_join": true,
      "lorawan_version": "1.0.2",
      "ids": {
        "device_id": "newdev1",
        "dev_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
        "join_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
      },
      "lorawan_phy_version": "1.0.2-b",
      "frequency_plan_id": "EU_863_870_TTN"
    },
    "field_mask": {
      "paths": [
        "supports_join",
        "lorawan_version",
        "ids.device_id",
        "ids.dev_eui",
        "ids.join_eui",
        "lorawan_phy_version",
        "frequency_plan_id"
      ]
    }
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/ns/applications/app1/devices/newdev1'

Register the DevEUI and JoinEUI in the Application Server:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request PUT \
  --data-raw '{
    "end_device": {
      "ids": {
        "device_id": "newdev1",
        "dev_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
        "join_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
      }
    },
    "field_mask": {
      "paths": [
        "ids.device_id",
        "ids.dev_eui",
        "ids.join_eui"
      ]
    }
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/as/applications/app1/devices/newdev1'

Finally, for OTAA devices, register the DevEUI, JoinEUI, cluster addresses, and keys in the Join Server:

$ curl --location \
  --header 'Authorization: Bearer NNSXS.XXXXXXXXX' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'User-Agent: my-integration/my-integration-version' \
  --request PUT \
  --data-raw '{
    "end_device": {
      "ids": {
        "device_id": "newdev1",
        "dev_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
        "join_eui": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
      },
      "network_server_address": "thethings.example.com",
      "application_server_address": "thethings.example.com",
      "root_keys": {
        "app_key": {
          "key": "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
        }
      }
    },
    "field_mask": {
      "paths": [
        "network_server_address",
        "application_server_address",
        "ids.device_id",
        "ids.dev_eui",
        "ids.join_eui",
        "root_keys.app_key.key"
      ]
    }
  }' \
  'https://thethings.example.com/api/v3/js/applications/app1/devices/newdev1'
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