Adding Devices

Adding Devices using the Console

Go to Devices in the left menu and click on + Add Device to reach the end device registration page. Fill the device ID, the LoRaWAN MAC and PHY versions and the frequency plan used by the device.

Over-The-Air-Activation (OTAA) Device

After filling the fields in the General Settings section, scroll to the lower part of the device registration page and make sure that Over The Air Activation is selected.

Fill the JoinEUI (AppEUI in LoRaWAN versions before 1.1), DevEUI and AppKey. The NwkKey is only needed for LoRaWAN version 1.1 or later. All other fields on the page are optional.

Press Create Device to create the device.

You will now reach the device overview page for your device. The end device should now be able to join the private network.

Activation By Personalization (ABP) Device

After filling the fields in the General Settings section, scroll to the lower part of the device registration page and make sure that Activation By Personalization is selected.

Fill the Device Address, the FNwkSIntKey (NwkSKey in LoRaWAN versions before 1.1) and the AppSKey. The other key fields are only needed for LoRaWAN version 1.1 or later. All other fields on the page are optional.

Press Create Device to create the device.

You will now reach the device overview page for your device. The end device should now be able to communicate with the private network.

Set Device Location

Once you have added your end device to The Things Stack, you can also set its location to be displayed on a map widget by clicking Change location settings.

The end device location can be manually set by pinning on the map widget, or entering the Latitude, Longitude and Altitude values.

Adding Devices using the CLI

First, list the available frequency plans and LoRaWAN versions:

$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices list-frequency-plans
$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices create --help

Over-The-Air-Activation (OTAA) Device

To create an end device using over-the-air-activation (OTAA):

$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices create app1 dev1 \
  --dev-eui 0004A30B001C0530 \
  --app-eui 800000000000000C \
  --frequency-plan-id EU_863_870 \
  --root-keys.app-key.key 752BAEC23EAE7964AF27C325F4C23C9A \
  --lorawan-version 1.0.3 \
  --lorawan-phy-version 1.0.3-a

This will create a LoRaWAN 1.0.3 end device dev1 in application app1 with the EU_863_870 frequency plan.

The end device should now be able to join the private network.

Activation By Personalization (ABP) Device

It is also possible to register an ABP activated device using the --abp flag as follows:

$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices create app1 dev2 \
  --frequency-plan-id EU_863_870 \
  --lorawan-version 1.0.3 \
  --lorawan-phy-version 1.0.3-a \
  --abp \
  --session.dev-addr 00E4304D \
  --session.keys.app-s-key.key A0CAD5A30036DBE03096EB67CA975BAA \
  --session.keys.nwk-s-key.key B7F3E161BC9D4388E6C788A0C547F255

Set Device Location

Once you have added your end device to The Things Stack, you can also set its location.

Set your end device’s location with:

$ APP_ID="your-application-id" 
$ DEVICE_ID="your-device-id"
$ ttn-lw-cli end-devices set $APP_ID $DEVICE_ID \
  --location.latitude 43.84 \
  --location.longitude 18.32 \
  --location.altitude 500 \

You can also set the end device location to be updated from various sources with the --location.source flag. The source of the location data can be the registry, GPS data, results of the LoRa RSSI geolocation, etc.

The CLI will return something like:

{
  "ids": {
    "device_id": "dev1",
    "application_ids": {
      "application_id": "app1"
    },
    "dev_eui": "0004A30B001C0530",
    "join_eui": "800000000000000C"
  },
  "created_at": "2020-05-27T15:50:38.567Z",
  "updated_at": "2020-12-25T11:16:20.592Z",
  "locations": {
    "user": {
      "latitude": 43.84,
      "longitude": 18.32,
      "altitude": 500,
      "source": "SOURCE_REGISTRY"
    }
  }
}